Chamba Painting
Folk Painting
History
Chamba paintings, part of the Pahari miniature tradition, flourished in 17th–18th century Himachal Pradesh. As Mughal power declined, artists found patronage in princely states, focusing on Radha–Krishna themes and mountain landscapes. Under Raja Raj Singh, the style peaked, blending Mughal and local elements. By the 19th century, support declined, though a few artists still preserve the tradition.
Raw Materials and Tools
Chamba paintings are created on handmade paper, layered for strength and coated with khadiya (chalk powder) and gum arabica for smoothness. Natural pigments provide vibrant colors. Gold and silver powder or foil add richness, particularly in embellishments.
Artists use specially crafted brushes for intricate details. Agate stones are employed for polishing and burnishing.
Process
The process begins with layering handmade paper with starch glue, followed by a khadiya base coat for smoothness. After burnishing with an agate stone, the artist sketches with a pencil or saffron color. Broad brushes apply base colors, while ultra-fine brushes create intricate details. Gold and silver powder or foil enhance jewelry and borders. Once dry, the painting undergoes a second burnishing on a marble slab, giving it a characteristic lustrous finish that elevates its visual appeal.
Design and Color
Chamba paintings primarily depict Hindu mythological themes. The landscapes and seasons of Chamba, particularly monsoons, influence the art. Stylistically, they merge Mughal and Deccani elements with a distinctive red–blue palette. Gold and silver add grandeur, while intricate floral motifs and delicate fabric patterns give them an ethereal charm.
Product Range
Chamba paintings, once adorning royal palaces and temples, are now treasured as wall décor, miniature artworks, and collector’s pieces. Artists also incorporate this art into Chamba rumals (embroidered handkerchiefs), painted boxes, and bookmarks.