Bengal Patachitra
Folk Painting
History
Patachitra, a traditional folk art of Bengal, began as a storytelling medium by Patuas, who painted scrolls and sang narratives. Rooted in religious traditions, it expanded to depict mythology, nature, and social issues. Flourishing in Pingla, West Bengal, the marginalized Patuas sustained their craft by performing in villages, conveying moral, religious, and social themes.
Raw Materials and Tools
Patachitra artists use materials like cotton cloth, natural dyes, chart paper, and limestone. Artists create pigments from plants, minerals, and vegetables, ensuring vibrant, eco-friendly colors. Handmade gum derived from tamarind seeds is used for adhesion. The tools include fine brushes, knives and traditional methods to prepare the painting surface with locally sourced chalk (khorimati).
Process
Patachitra paintings follow a detailed process beginning with cloth or paper glued onto fabric and coated with limestone for a smooth surface. Artists outline the designs using lamp soot and fine brushes before filling them with natural dyes extracted from plants and minerals. The paintings are characterized by bold lines and intricate patterns. Once complete, they are dried and often accompanied by traditional songs (Pater Gaan) that narrate the story depicted, enhancing the storytelling experience.
Design and Color
Patachitra designs feature intricate mythological depictions, religious figures, and folk narratives. Scenes from the Ramayana, Mahabharata, and Goddess Manasa stories are common. Artists use bright natural colors like red, yellow, blue, and black, with elaborate borders framing the compositions. Elements such as animals, celestial beings, and rural landscapes add depth to the artwork.
Product Range
Traditionally, Patachitra was used for storytelling on scrolls, but today, it has expanded into various products. Artisans create paintings on canvas, paper, and textiles for wall art, home décor, and exhibition pieces. Modern adaptations include patachitra-inspired sarees, dupattas, handbags, and accessories.