Bastar Iron Craft
Iron Metal
History
The Gond tribe worships Budha Dev, believed to dwell in the sacred saja tree. As iron gained importance, they began associating the deity with the metal, placing iron tridents and spears on platforms beneath the tree. Ironsmiths started crafting religious items like wrought iron diyas with animal motifs and Budha Dev figurines. With growing recognition, they experimented with forms and sizes, resulting in contemporary creations of animals in varied postures and styles.
Raw Materials and Tools
The primary raw material is recycled iron scrap, sourced from markets or households. Essential tools include Dhukna Sar (furnace), Muthli (hammer), Chimtas (forceps), Sandasis (tongs), and Chenni (chisels), all of which are handcrafted by local Lohar artisans.
Process
The craft begins with heating recycled iron scrap in a traditional furnace (Dhukna Sar). The hot metal is repeatedly hammered to achieve the desired shape without the need for casting or molding. Specific areas are carefully struck, and excess portions are trimmed and filed to remove sharp edges. Hollow figures are made by cutting and folding iron sheets, while solid figures are crafted by shaping individual body parts before adding intricate details with chisels. Once completed, a coat of varnish is applied to enhance shine and protect the surface.
Design and Color
Common motifs in Bastar Iron Craft encompass religious symbols, depictions of deities such as Budha Dev, and elements from nature, including animals and plants. This art frequently showcases ceremonial objects like wrought iron lamps (diyas) embellished with animal designs, as well as figurines of deities. The portrayal of animals and deities in various postures and sizes reflects the craft's evolution and the artisans' ongoing exploration of new themes and forms.
Product Range
Originally serving farming, hunting, and ritual needs, this iron craft has evolved into a celebrated art form. Wrought iron items include Deepaks—multi-bowl oil lamps—and figures of birds, animals, and leaf motifs. Popular diya types include Laman Diya (hanging) and Khut Diya (standing). Contemporary creations feature masks, wall hangings, and decorative items. A standout piece is the iconic two-legged horse of Raodev, admired for its unique form and symbolic design.
Additional Information
