Copperware
Copper Metal
History
The production of copperware in Kashmir dates back over seven centuries, introduced by traders from Iran and Iraq. Mir Sayid Ali Hamdani popularized the craft, while Zain-ul-Abidin organized settlements for artisans, sourcing copper from Aishmuqam and Lalab Valley. Skilled artisans, including naqash (engraver) and zarcod (guilder), contribute to the process. However, mechanization threatens this heritage despite a 2006 protective law.
Raw Materials and Tools
Raw Materials: Copper sheets; materials for moulds such as clay, sand, or wax.
Tools: Cutting and hammering implements, chasing/engraving tools, soldering setup, polishing and buffing tools, moulds.
Process
The making of Kashmiri copperware begins with high-quality copper ore, traditionally mined in Baramulla and Srinagar and refined into ingots. In karkhanas across Baramulla, Anantnag, Budgam, and Srinagar, artisans cut copper sheets, heat, and hammer them into shape. Intricate designs are engraved by hand through the naquashi technique. In metal casting, molten copper is poured into moulds made of clay, sand, or wax. Sheet metal work involves hammering, bending, and soldering. Once shaped, the copperware is polished, buffed, and sometimes embossed. The heavier the utensil, the higher its market value, reflecting the craftsmanship involved.
Design and Color
The breathtaking landscapes, majestic mountains, serene lakes, and vibrant flora and fauna have inspired the motifs and designs seen in these crafts. The craftsmen are experts in creating intricate floral motifs, leaves, vines, geometric patterns, chinar leaves, and Persian calligraphy. The finer the engraving, the higher the price it demands in the market.
Product Range
Traditional Kashmiri copperware includes items like battitoor (rice vessel), bushkab (men’s bowl), dechewaer (cooling bowl), deg (wazwan pot), doonga (serving bowl), isbandsoz (incense burner), kaenz (women’s bowl), lota, majma (tray), samovar (tea brewer), tash near (handwash set), tream (plate), and tramisarposh (shared wazwan vessel). New items include jugs, glasses, vases, and lamps.