Karnataka Bronzeware
Bronze Metal
History
Karnataka's bronzeware has a rich history, influenced by the Western Gangas, Cholas, Hoysalas, Vijayanagara, and Mysore Wodeyars. The region has long been a hub for metal crafts, including temple iconography and ritual objects. Nagamangala and Shivarapatna are known for their intricate bronze casting. Bhuta Kola masks from Udipi reflect Karnataka’s ancestral spirit traditions. Bidriware, developed under the Bahmani Sultans, showcases Persian and Arab influences, with its signature black patina and silver inlay work.
Raw Materials and Tools
Karnataka bronzeware primarily utilizes metals such as bronze, silver, copper, and zinc. Essential tools include chisels, hammers, rolling machines, and die-casting molds. Sheet metal embossing and engraving tools like iron tongs and repousse hammers are used extensively. For Bidriware, high-zinc alloys are cast and inlaid with silver. Traditional wax and clay molds aid in the lost-wax casting method, while hardened dammar resin is used for repousse metalwork.
Process
Bronzeware production involves lost-wax casting, where a wax model is coated with clay and fired to create a hollow mold. Molten bronze is poured, and after cooling, the mold is broken. Sheet metal embossing uses hammering over hardened resin or concrete molds. Bidriware involves casting, engraving, silver inlay, and nitrate-based patination. In repousse work, silver sheets are hammered from the back to create raised patterns. These methods produce intricate temple and decorative pieces.
Design and Color
Karnataka bronzeware is characterized by religious and decorative motifs. Dancing Ganesha and Viswakarma figures are common in casting, while kavacha cladding enhances temple icons. Silver repousse work is adorned with floral and geometric designs. Bidriware features intricate Islamic calligraphy and floral patterns, with a striking contrast between blackened metal and bright silver. Traditional hues include silver, bronze, and dark zinc patinas.
Product Range
Karnataka’s bronzeware includes temple idols, ritual lamps, kavacha cladding, and metal masks for spirit worship. Bidriware, traditionally used for hookahs and paan-holders, now includes jewelry, vases, trays, and collectible artifacts. Decorative items like engraved bowls, incense holders, and silver-inlaid keychains have gained popularity.